Hai all ,
i am so happy see you all once again
Right now IT market is having lot more openings
but remember on thing those are all for experienced people
Freshers who are trying to get a job in embedded systems its really difficult task
guys have a look on the market trend get ready with c and data structures and
linux commands and linux basic programming .then go to market and buy 8051
board do all the programs with this board and get ready to buy new arm9 board like ( friendly-arm , beagle board like that ) do some thing with these board and try for jobs .
damm sure you will place in some good embedded based company :)
For Exp People exp b/w 2 to 8 years
prepare c and data structures :D
then u will get good job yar :D
for interview questions please refer http://campusinterviewindia.com/
cheers /''\
u r s chaitu
Embedded Market Job Trends
Sunday, February 19, 2012
How To Cross Compiling The Linux Kernel for ARM9 ( Mini2440 ) Step By Step
Friday, February 18, 2011
In this tutorial, I'll quickly show you how easy it is to compile a kernel for the mini2440. If you haven't already installed git, you should do so now. In Ubuntu, you simply install the package git-core.
Setting up Your Toolchain
Follow the instructions from this tutorial.
http://billforums.station51.net/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=9
Obtaining the Correct Kernel Sources
In order for you to get a kernel thats patched for all the hardware on your Mini2440, you need to get the kernel sources from the correct place. While it's possible to simply go and download a kernel directly from kernel.org and cross compile it, you won't get the patches included with that for all the hardware on the Mini2440.
Create a directory for your source tree and change to it and use git to clone the repository.
$ git clone git://repo.or.cz/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
$ cd mini2440
how to build embedded linux system in embedded device
Friday, January 21, 2011
Linux is making steady progress in the embedded arena. Because Linux is covered under the GPL (see Resources later in this article), anyone interested in customizing Linux to his PDA, palmtop, or wearable device can download the kernel and applications freely from the Internet and begin porting or developing. Many Linux flavors cater to the embedded/realtime market. These include RTLinux (Real-Time Linux), uclinux (Linux for MMUless devices), Montavista Linux (Linux distributions for ARM, MIPS, PPC), ARM-Linux (Linux on ARM), and others (see Resources for links to these and other terms and products mentioned in this article).
Embedded Linux development broadly involves three tiers: the bootloader, the Linux kernel, and the graphical user interface (or GUI). In this article, we will focus on some basic concepts involving these three tiers; we will provide some insights into how the bootloader, kernel, and filesystem interact; and we will investigate some of the numerous options available for the filesystem, GUI, and bootloaders.
Bootloaders
The bootloader is usually the first piece of code that will be executed on any hardware. In conventional systems like desktops, the bootloader is normally loaded into the MBR (Master Boot Record), or the first sector of the disk where Linux resides. Normally, BIOS will transfer control to the bootloader in the case of desktops or other systems. This poses an interesting question: who loads the bootloader onto the embedded devices, which (in most cases) don't have BIOS?
Two general techniques are used to address this problem: specialized software and tiny bootcode.
Specialized software can directly interact with the flash device on the system remotely and install the bootloader at the given location in flash. Flash devices are special chips that act like storage devices, and they are persistent -- that is, the contents are not erased on reboot.
what is the gcc compiler and what is the use of gcc compiler
The GNU Project was started in 1984 to create a complete Unix-like operating system as free software, in order to promote freedom and cooperation among computer users and programmers. Every Unix-like operating system needs a C compiler, and as there were no free compilers in existence at that time, the GNU Project had to develop one from scratch. The work was funded by donations from individuals and companies to the Free Software Foundation, a non-profit organization set up to support the work of the GNU Project.
The first release of GCC was made in 1987. This was a significant breakthrough, being the first portable ANSI C optimizing compiler released as free software. Since that time GCC has become one of the most important tools in the development of free software.
A major revision of the compiler came with the 2.0 series in 1992, which added the ability to compile C++. In 1997 an experimental branch of the compiler (EGCS) was created, to improve optimization and C++ support. Following this work, EGCS was adopted as the new main-line of GCC development, and these features became widely available in the 3.0 release of GCC in 2001.
Over time GCC has been extended to support many additional languages, including FORTRAN, ADA, Java and Objective-C. The acronym GCC is now used to refer to the "GNU Compiler Collection". Its development is guided by the GCC Steering Committee, a group composed of representatives from GCC user communities in industry, research and academia.
how to cross compile the kernel for ARM9 minin 2440 friendly arm mini 2440 for ubantu
Wednesday, December 15, 2010
Setting up Your Toolchain
Follow the instructions from this tutorial.
http://chaitutechbits.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-build-arm9-tool-chain-mini-2440.html
Obtaining the Correct Kernel Sources
In order for you to get a kernel thats patched for all the hardware on your Mini2440, you need to get the kernel sources from the correct place. While it's possible to simply go and download a kernel directly from kernel.org and cross compile it, you won't get the patches included with that for all the hardware on the Mini2440.
Create a directory for your source tree and change to it and use git to clone the repository.
$ git clone git://repo.or.cz/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
$ cd mini2440
how build arm9 tool chain ?? for mini 2440 friendly arm micro 2440
This howto will show you how to quickly and easily set up an ARM toolchain so that you can use openembedded. You can also use this toolchain to compile the linux kernel or anything else that you specifically want to compile for the mini2440.
Download the toolchain here.
After you've downloaded the toolchain, you can untar it into your /usr/local directory or somewhere in your home directory if you don't have root access to the machine you're compiling on.
how to compile u boot for arm9 friendly arm mini 2440 micro 2440 ?? what is uboot
UBoot must usually be installed in a Flash memory to be
executed by the hardware. Depending on the hardware, the installation of UBoot
is done in a different way
The board provides some kind of specific boot monitor, which allows to flash the second stage bootloader. In this case, refer to the board documentation and tools UBoot is already installed, and can be used to Flash a new version of UBoot.
However, be careful: if the new version of UBoot doesn't work, the board is unusable
The board provides a JTAG interface, which allows to write to the
Flash memory remotely, without any system running on the board. It
also allows to rescue a board if the boot loader doesn't work.
At the time of writing this, I had some issues with getting Buserror's U-Boot working correctly.
The code that is in his git repository, doesn't run from RAM without a modification to the source. So here are the instructions that I gathered for altering and compiling it, and getting it going on the Mini2440 and Micro2440 board.
For this to work, I'm going to assume that you have a crosscompiler set up. Later on, I will probably write an entry here about setting that up, but not now. I'm also assuming you have git installed.
Step 1: Get the source
mkdir uboot ;
cd uboot git clone git://repo.or.cz/u-boot-openmoko/mini2440.git
Step 2: Set your cross compiler prefix so you don't end up compiling this for x86.
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
how build an application for arm9 . how to compile and build applications for friendly arm .
Monday, December 13, 2010
Compiling and Running Programs With Linux and Qtopia 2.2.0
Literal translations of the original Chinese user manual are fraught with imminent peril!
In this text everything has been tested and corrected. We assume you are using the Linux
2.6.29 kernel and Qtopia 2.2.0 that ships on the Mini2440. This is tested with Debian
system on the host PC. Under Redhat or Fedora some directories might be automatically
created during uncompression of files. Making them ahead of time won’t hurt anything.
Setting up the gcc cross compiler.
The current version (Aug 1009) of the FriendlyARM software uses the arm-linux-gcc-
4.3.2 compiler for everything from the boot loader to Qtopia. The compressed compiler is
in the /linux directory of the DVD. Copy it to a convenient place like /tmp. You will need
to be the super user to do this. Then untar the
$ su [root password]
# cd /tmp
(with a capital ‘C’)
# tar xvzf arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2.tgz -C/
If this fails, make the directories first.
# cd ..
# mkdir /usr/local/arm
# mkdir /user/local/arm/4.3.2
UBoot compilation for mini 2440 micro 2440 (friendly arm ). how to compile uboot for friendly arm from the scratch
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Micro2440 with Linux and U-Boot
Micro2440 Instructions for U-Boot and Linux
A brief introduction about how to get started with the Micro2440 boards and u-boot.
We are going to replace all contents of the NAND flash - so make sure to have a backup if there is any valuable data on your device.
What we need
* Micro2440 SDK
* Linux PC (Windows would work as well but I'm not sure how to upload files to Vivi with it.)
* SD/MMC card
* Serial cable
* USB cable or JTAG (to replace vivi)
[ebook]Building Embedded Linux Systems Ebook Download
- By Karim Yaghmour
- Publisher: O'Reilly Media
- Released : April 2003
- Pages:416
How To Enable Root Login at Graphical in Fedora 13
In this howto i will describe how to let root user to Graphical Login in Fedora 13. From Fedora 10 it was disable by default to let it login from GUI.We will be configure pam authentication files gdm and gdm-password respectively.
STARTING LINUX DAEMONS WITH init SCRIPTS
In the world of Linux based systems, and also other Unix-like systems, a daemon is a background process that starts during the system boot and runs forever
. A daemon provides some kind of service. Some of the examples of daemons are the secure shell daemon sshd, and the print spooler, cupsd, formally known as the common unix printing system daemon.
In this tutorial, we first take a overview of the Linux boot sequence. We look at the traditional System V init process, the different init levels and the system of init scripts. Then, we look at upstart, which takes a different approach to the same job. Finally, we also look at the structure of a typical init script.
Embedded Linux Boot- Code Walkthrough
Embedded Linux on Arm:
———————————-
We will walk through boot up code for AT91RM9200 system-on-chip, built around the ARM920T ARM Thumb processor. Kwickbyte builds an embedded board called kb9202 based on AT91RM9200.
Before you start reading this you need to read AT91RM9200 data sheet (specification). You can download the data sheet with the following link.
www.keil.com/dd/docs/datashts/atmel/at91rm9200_ds.pdf
You also need to read ARM Architecture Reference Manual for better understanding the boot process. You can download it with the following link.
http://www.lysator.liu.se/~kjell-e/embedded/ARM-ARM.pdf
what is the Benefits of browsing the Linux source code ?? how to open linux kernel
First hand information
You can read from books, get information from the Internet or by other means but nothing like knowing it first hand by exploring the Linux source code. This rich treasure of GNU/C code has got everything that you are looking for. This information leaves absolutely no space for any doubts as this is the final original source of information and there are zero alternates to this. As you comprehend these pieces of code it’s like going through the minds of the people who have actually written it. And this experience and the kind of learning involved will never be found anywhere.
Improve your conceptual clarity
As you follow the flow of the code, the concepts get unfolded and the maze starts to show you the way. Personally I go through this process whenever I’m tied in two minds on a particular OS concept. It cuts down the need for looking for other sources; however this needs some real experience. If you do this exercise regularly then I’m sure cracking or understanding any technical concept, even though it is not related to an OS becomes a piece of cake for you
Efficient code writing style and skill
Just look and appreciate the style and standards followed by this open source marvel that has stood the time and taken the brunt of real time performance and emerged as the best open project ever. The coding standards are so defined and stable that all these varied pieces of code contributions from all over the world has never brought this thing down. So one thing that you undoubtedly get is the skill to code like a top class pro.
Rock solid confidence
This requires serious mention, when I first started off with the initial versions of the Linux kernel the best thing that I got was a truck load of confidence. This single benefit was the sole reason for all my success as a programmer and as a trainer. Lack of confidence can even hinder the growth of a technically sound individual. So get that confidence right now with some useful source code reading
Increased adaptability to change
If you digest the design and frameworks on which these operating systems are build and if you go back to the previous versions of Linux and track down the progression you will no doubt heighten your clarity and grip on the subject. You will also become most adaptable to future changes and you can even predict technological changes, which may often become real. So this skill will equip you with the flexibility and adaptability to changes
Final word
I for sure know that this is a small list of benefits that source code browsing can bring to you. If you have done this before then I request you to add on to this list of benefit through your valuable feedback
credits goes to Raghu Bhardwj
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